Causes:
Aging:
Discs can naturally wear out and weaken over time.
Genetic Factors:
Individuals with a family history of disc problems may be at risk of a herniated disc.
Overload and Stress:
Overload situations, such as physical activities or heavy lifting, can cause discs to strain and tear.
Sedentary Lifestyle:
Prolonged sitting or inactivity can negatively affect disc health.
Trauma or Accidents:
Accidents, falls or injuries can lead to damaged discs and herniated discs.

Non-Surgical Treatment Methods:
Rest:
It is important to rest the spine during periods of pain.
Physical Therapy:
Physiotherapist-led exercise programs aim to strengthen muscles, increase flexibility and correct posture.
Painkillers and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs:
Medicines recommended by the doctor can be used to relieve pain and control inflammation.
Physical Therapy and Exercise: Physiotherapist-led exercise programs can be used to strengthen muscles, increase flexibility and support the spine.
Massage and Hot and Cold Applications:
Massage therapy and hot and cold applications can help to relax muscle spasms and relieve pain.

Surgical Treatment Methods:
Discectomy:
Surgical removal of the disc contents can release the pinched nerve root.
Laminectomy:
A surgical procedure on the spinal bone involves the removal of tissues that compress the spinal cord or nerve roots.
Fusion:

A surgical procedure to fuse two vertebrae together.

Surgical intervention is usually considered when non-surgical treatment options do not respond or improve the condition. The treatment plan is determined depending on the patient’s condition, severity of symptoms and underlying causes.