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TENDON DISORDERS
Tendon disorders of the foot and ankle refer to conditions in which the tendons of the foot and ankle (including the well-known Achilles tendon) are injured, stretched or torn. Tendons are fibrous tissues that connect muscles to bones and are responsible for the transmission of movement. Tendon disorders are usually caused by overload, repetitive movements or trauma.
Causes:
Overload:
Excessive activity, sports or excessive load on the foot can strain the tendons.
Sudden Rotational Movements:
Sudden rotational movements can damage the tendons.
Injuries: Tendon injury as a result of direct blows or falls.
Specific Sports:
Tendon disorders are more common in certain sports, especially in high-impact sports (running, basketball, football).
Excessive Pronation or Supination:
Inward or outward rotation of the sole of the foot can affect the tendons.
Symptoms:
Pain:
Pain at the site of the tendon injury is usually felt during or after activity.
Swelling:
There may be swelling at the site of tendon injury.
Sensitivity:
The tendon injury site may be tender to the touch.
Movement Restriction:
A tendon disorder can cause limitation of movement in the affected joint.
Non-Surgical Treatment Methods:
Rest:
It is important to rest the injured area.
Cold Application:
In the first 48 hours, application with cold packs at intervals of 15-20 minutes.
Compression:
The use of elastic bandages or compression garments can reduce swelling.
Height:
Keeping the foot and ankle elevated can control swelling.
Pain and Inflammation Control:
Painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs recommended by the doctor.
Physiotherapy:
Exercise programmes guided by a physiotherapist can improve mobility and strength.
Orthotics:
Using special insoles that support the arch of the foot.
Surgical Treatment Methods:
Surgical treatment is usually considered in patients who have not responded to treatment options or depending on the severity of the tendon injury. Surgical options may include
Tendon Repair:
Stitching of a torn or damaged tendon.
Tendon Transfer:
Transfer of another tendon to the ruptured area.
Tendon Graft:
The use of another tissue (usually another tendon) to replace the damaged part of the tendon.
Tenolysis:
Removal of adhesions or hardened tissues on the tendon.