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HERNIATED DISC

A herniated disc is a condition in which a weakened area on the outside of the spinal discs bulges or leaks inwards. This can cause the disc contents (a gelatinous substance) to press on the spinal cord or nerve roots due to weakening of the outer part of the discs between the vertebrae. A herniated disc can often cause symptoms such as lower back pain, leg pain and muscle weakness. Here are the causes and treatment methods for herniated discs:

Causes:
Disc Degeneration:
Natural wear and degeneration of the discs over time can increase the risk of a herniated disc.
Sudden Load Lifting:
Poor posture or sudden movements during lifting heavy loads can lead to a herniated disc.
Ageing:
With age, the spinal discs lose their water content, which can lead to cracking of the discs and an increased likelihood of a hernia.
Genetic Factors:
Familial predisposition may increase the risk of herniated disc.
Smoking:
Smoking can increase the risk of a herniated disc by reducing the blood supply to the spinal disc and accelerating degeneration.

Non-Surgical Treatment Methods:
Rest and Activity Regulation:
In the case of a herniated disc, resting for a while and avoiding heavy activities can help recovery.
Painkillers and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs:
It can be used on doctor’s recommendation to control pain and inflammation.
Physiotherapy:
Exercises that strengthen the spine and surrounding muscles and increase flexibility play an important role in the treatment of herniated discs.
Hot and Cold Treatment:
Hot or cold compresses can relieve pain and muscle spasms.
Epidural Steroid Injections:
These injections, administered by a doctor, can help reduce pain and inflammation.

Surgical Treatment Methods:
Microdiscectomy:
It is a minimally invasive surgical procedure involving the removal of disc material in a specific area.
Laminectomy:
It involves the removal of bone tissue on the spinal cord to reduce pressure on the spinal cord.
Disc Replacement Surgery:
It involves removing the damaged disc and replacing it with an artificial disc.
Spinal Fusion:
A surgical procedure in which two vertebrae are joined. It aims to stabilise the spine by limiting unwanted movements caused by a herniated disc.